PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
El present perfect simple (pretérito perfecto compuesto) indica, como en español, que una acción acabada sigue teniendo repercusiones en el presente.
James loves football and plays very well. He has bought new trainers and now he plays even better than before.
James is the team captain because he has neverlost a match.
It looks like his team will win this match as well. James has just scored a goal and the referee hasnot blown the final whistle yet. The other teamhas not scored a goal so far.
Uso
- una acción que se acaba de realizar
- Ejemplo:
- He has just scored a goal.
- una acción terminada con influencia en el presente
- Ejemplo:
- He has bought new trainers and now he plays even better than before.
- situación ocurrida: nunca, una sola vez o en múltiples ocasiones hasta el momento en el que se está hablando
- Ejemplo:
- He has never lost a match.
- The referee has not blown the final whistle yet.
- The other team has not scored a goal so far.
Formación
Se forma con el verbo auxiliar have y el participio del verbo principal.
afirmativa | negativa | interrogativa | |
---|---|---|---|
I/you/we/they | I have played/spoken | I have not played/spoken | Have I played/spoken? |
he/she/it | he has played/spoken | he has not played/spoken | Has he played/spoken? |
El participio
Para formar el participio de los verbos regulares, bastará con añadir ed. Para los irregulares, habrá que recurrir a la tercera forma del verbo (ver: Lista de verbos irregulares, tercera columna).
Participios regulares: excepciones
- Cuando el verbo acaba en e se añade simplemente d.
- Ejemplo:
- love – loved (y no: loveed)
- Después de una vocal con pronunciación corta se dobla la consonante final.
- Ejemplo:
- admit – admitted
- En inglés británico la l final siempre se dobla cuando va detrás de una vocal (pero no así en inglés estadounidense).
- Ejemplo:
- travel – travelled (inglés británico), traveled (inglés norteamericano)
- La y al final de la palabra se transforma en i.
- Ejemplo:
- hurry – hurried
Formas abreviadas
En el inglés, y principalmente en la lengua hablada, se unen los pronombres a ciertos verbos, otorgándoles un matiz más natural.
Forma completa | Forma abreviada | Ejemplo |
---|---|---|
have | …’ve | they’ve |
have not | …’ve not/… haven’t | I’ve not/I haven’t |
has | …’s | she’s |
has not | …’s not/… hasn’t | he’s not/he hasn’t |
La forma abreviada de have se utiliza normalmente en la lengua escrito solo después de los pronombres.
- Ejemplo:
- They’ve not played football.
- (pero no:
The girls’ve not played football.)
La forma abreviada de has se puede utilizar también tras otras palabras (excepto cuando la propia palabra termina en s).
- Ejemplo:
- He’s/The boy's played football.
- (pero no:
James’s played football.)
Indicadores
- already, just, not yet
- ever, never
- so far, till now, up to now
What are signal words for the Present Perfect?
These words tell you what tense you have to use. For the Present Perfect the following words are used quite often:
- just
- yet
- never
- already
- ever
- so far
- up to now
- recently
- since
- for
Nota
Los indicadores just, already y yet se utilizan en diferentes situaciones.
Just se utiliza en oraciones afirmativas, para expresar lo que ocurre en ese preciso instante o en un momento reciente.
- Ejemplo:
- Have you read this book yet?
Yes, I’ve just read it.
Los indicadores already y yet se utilizan para describir acciones que han tenido lugar o que no han sucedido. Already sólo se utiliza en oraciones afirmativas, mientras que en las oraciones negativas debemos utilizar yet.
- Ejemplo:
- Have you read this book yet?Yes, I’ve already read it./ No, I haven't read it yet.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ONLINE EXERCISES:**************************************************************************************************EXERCISE 1
Elige entre have o has para formar el present perfect simple en las frases siguientes:
Escribe las oraciones siguientes en present perfect simple.Forma frases interrogativas en present perfect simple.FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:EXERCISE 2- Karen me an e-mail. (to send)
- Dave and Pat the museum. (to visit)
- I at the pet shop. (to be)
- They already their rucksacks. (to pack)
- Marcus an accident. (to have)
- We the shopping for our grandmother. (to do)
- I just my bike. (to clean)
- Emily her room. (to paint)
- Lisa and Colin to a concert. (to go)
- My friends smoking. (to give up)
EXERCISE 3- The students a flight to Vienna. (to book)
- The cat a mouse. (just/to catch)
- Jack and Brian this picture. (to draw)
- He his friends. (already/to invite)
- Julia a table with three columns. (to make)
- My friends the geography test. (to pass)
- I the rabbits. (just/to feed)
- The baby hedgehogs the water. They are sleeping now. (to drink)
- The teacher the keys, so he can't open the door. (to lose)
- We the worksheets. (already/to download)
EXERCISE 4 - NEGATIVE FORM:- Our class the test yet. (not/to write)
- Tim and Joe a box. (not/to carry)
- It to snow. (not/to start)
- The cat onto the table. (not/to jump)
- I the castle. (not/to visit)
- We out of the room. (not/to go)
- Fred the money. (not/to steal)
- They Anne about it. (not/to tell)
- Steven through the park. (not/to walk)
- The teacher to the party. (not/to come)
EXERCISE 5 - NEGATIVE FORM:- She her room . (not/to tidy up/yet)
- They a Tablet PC . (not/to use/so far)
- My father the car. It is still dirty. (not/to polish)
- The children the comics . (not/to read/yet)
- Jason and Tony the words, so they will probably fail the test. (not/to learn)
- His mother breakfast . (not/to make/so far)
- I on a lake in winter . (not/to skate/yet)
- My boss the helpline. (not/to phone)
- He his favourite T-shirt himself. (not/to wash)
- Sarah her dog . (not/to take out/yet)
EXERCISE 6 - INTERROGATIVE FORM:
- you the kitchen door? (to paint)
- your brother the shopping? (to do)
- Julian ever a spider? (to touch)
- your father ever on an elephant? (to ride)
- Lee his parents yet? (to ask)
- What you in your text? (to write)
- Bill the radio? (to turn off)
- you ever in a helicopter? (to fly)
- Who the window? (to break)
- you ever for your friends? (to cook)
EXERCISE 7 - INTERROGATIVE FORM:- here five years? (John/to live/for)
- the e-mail to Grandma ? (the twins/to write/yet)
- Why so much money on sweets? (Dan/to spend)
- the talk in history ? (Sophie/to prepare/yet)
- the house before their parents in the morning? (they/to leave/ever)
- How often in the last maths lesson? (you/to yawn)
- the round table for us ? (waiter/to lay/yet)
- What ? (Olivia/to do/lately)
- Where in the USA ? (you/to be)
- Why the tyres ? (you/not/to check/yet)
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